Fluid flow in a constricted passage

Problem Statement:

There is a fluid flow in a pipe, the pipe cross-section is uniform and gets decreased. This decrease in cross-section causes flow constriction. Due to this, there is a variation in velocity, which has been analyzed. The possibility of a wake region near the outlet has also been found out.

CFD:

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the process of mathematically modelling a physical phenomenon involving fluid flow and solving it numerically using the computational process.

A CFD software analysis examines fluid flow by its physical properties such as velocity, pressure, temperature, density, and viscosity. Those properties must be considered simultaneously to generate an accurate solution for a physical phenomenon associated with fluid flow.

A mathematical model of the physical case and a numerical method are used in a CFD software tool to analyze the fluid flow. For instance, the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations are specified as the mathematical model of the physical case. This describes changes in all those physical properties for both fluid flow and heat transfer. A mathematical model varies by the content of the problem such as heat transfer, mass transfer, phase change, chemical reaction, etc. Moreover, the reliability of a CFD analysis highly depends on the whole structure of the process.